July 4-5, 1863

Battle of Monterey Pass

Franklin County, PA

Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick: Michigan Cavalry Brigade (5th Michigan Cavalry, led by Colonel Russell A. Alger; Custer); 1st Ohio and 1st West Virginia Cavalry

vs.

Lee's wagon train of the Second Corps, and its cavalry escort(Captain George Emack’s company of the First Maryland Cavalry and one cannon from Captain William Tanner's Battery); reinforcements from The 4th North Carolina and 1st North Carolina Sharpshooters supported by the 6th Virginia Cavalry

* Other than Gettysburg, the largest Civil War action in PA

* Sometimes known as "the Fight" at Monterey Pass (or Monterey Gap), though the people who run the excellent Monterey Pass Battlefield Park & Museum will have it as a battle. I literally just ran into this place on the drive home from Hagerstown, so I hope to visit the trails again sometime.

* The American Battlefield Trust, as you probably know by now, puts out great videos about the battles and battlefields. I don't want to overwhelm this blog with one of their videos for every entry, but they spoke about this site just as I was entering it so here it is!

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=192354

Welcome to the Monterey Pass Battlefield Park

A Midnight Battle Along The Mason Dixon Line

On the evening of July 4, 1863, one of the most confusing battles of the American Civil War occurred, known as the Battle of Monterey Pass. Around 9:00 p.m., Union cavalry under the command of General Judson Kilpatrick came in contact with the Confederate 1st Maryland Cavalry, Company B under Captain George Emack. Captain Emack had a small detail guarding the approach to Monterey Pass, reinforced by one cannon from Captain William Tanner's Battery.

Darkness set in during a blinding thunderstorm when the Confederate artillerists opened fire on the Union cavalry. As the confusion subsided, the Confederates charged, pushing Kilpatrick back. The Confederates fell back to Red Run where the battle would be waged for several hours. Throughout the night, the battle was carried out in between flashes of lighting and muzzle flashes. Fighting spilled over the Fairfield Gap, as well as Leitersburg, MD.

By 3:30 a.m. on July 5, the Union cavalry reached the turnpike where a Confederate wagon train was located, capturing and destroying seven miles worth of wagons and taking 1,000 prisoners as they moved toward Ringgold, Maryland. At Leitersburg, another two miles worth of wagons were destroyed and several hundred prisoners were taken. The Union cavalry lost 75 men during the battle. By dawn, the battle was over and the Confederate army continued using Monterey Pass as part of it's retreat from Gettysburg. The Union cavalry moved to Smithsburg, MD, where they were attacked by Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart. From there, the Union cavalry fell back to Boonsboro, MD, where they arrived shortly after midnight on July 6, 1863.

Walking Tour - 2.5 hours

A. Located near here is Fairfield Gap, where the Maria Furnace Road branched off from Furnace Road. It was there that the Confederate wagon trains moved toward Monterey Pass. During the battle of Monterey Pass, Confederate cavalry fought off a flanking attempt to block the road. After the battle, two-thirds of the Confederate army marched on Maria Furnace Road.

B. The 1st North Carolina Sharpshooters and a detachment of Alabama troops stopped the wagon train here, and moved forward to Monterey Pass to assist the Confederate cavalry.

C. After the Union cavalry broke through the Confederate battle line at the tollhouse, it was here that the 1st North Carolina Sharpshooters entered the fight and came under heavy artillery fire from Pennington's battery, deployed at the Monterey Pass tollhouse. Realizing that Confederate infantry was pouring on the scene from Maria Furnace Road, Kilpatrick ordered the rest of his cavalry down the mountain to Ringgold, MD. With Monterey Pass secured, the Confederate army continued it's withdrawal from Pennsylvania.

D. This area is where the Union cavalry began getting bogged down in the fight. It was here, after midnight on July 5, 1863, that much hand to hand combat took place. Due to the terrain, the Union right flank would rest at the base of the hill in front of you. Portions of the 1st Maryland Cavalry, Company B deployed here, while the Confederates established a new battle line at the tollhouse.

E. It was here, where Colonel Russell Alger realized that the bridge spanning Red Run was still intact. He asked for reinforcements in order to make a charge on the Confederate position.

F. It was here, where Colonel Alger, supported by a portion of the 6th Michigan Cavalry, formed a hasty battle line that allowed the 1st West Virginia Cavalry and Company A of the 1st Ohio Cavalry to charge the Confederate battle line and attack the wagon train at 3:30 a.m.

Order of Battle

Union Commander: Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick

General Judson Kilpatrick, Third Division Cavalry Corps Headquarters

Guard 1st Ohio Cavalry

Colonel Nathaniel P. Richmond, First Brigade

5th New York Cavalry • 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry • 1st Vermont Cavalry • 1st West Virginia Cavalry

General George A. Custer, Second Brigade

1st Michigan Cavalry • 5th Michigan Cavalry • 6th Michigan Cavalry • 7th Michigan Cavalry

General David Gregg, Second Division Cavalry Corps • Colonel Pennock Huey, Second Brigade

2nd New York Cavalry • 4th New York Cavalry • 6th Ohio Cavalry • 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry

Assigned Artillery

Battery "E", 4th U.S. Artillery • Battery "M", 2nd U.S. Artillery • Battery "C", 3rd U.S. Artillery

Confederate Commander: Major General William (Grumble) Jones

General William Jones' Brigade

6th Virginia Cavalry • 11th Virginia Cavalry

General Fitzhugh Lee's Brigade

1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion

General Beverly Robertson's Brigade

4th North Carolina Cavalry • 5th North Carolina Cavalry

General Albert Jenkins' Brigade

36th Virginia Cavalry Battalion

Infantry (Provost Guard) Colonel Isaac Avery's (Hoke's) Brigade

1st North Carolina Sharpshooters

Colonel Edward O'Neil's Brigade

Detachment, 5th Alabama Infantry

General Alfred Iverson's Brigade

5th North Carolina Infantry • 12th North Carolina Infantry • 20th North Carolina Infantry • 23rd North Carolina Infantry

Unassigned

50 Confederate stragglers under arrest

Artillery Lieutenant Colonel H. Jones' Battalion

Courtney Henrico Artillery

Major Beckham's Horse Artillery Battalion

Mooreman's Battery • Chew's Battery

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=202038

Battle of Monterey Pass.

During a torrential rainstorm on the night of July 4-5, 1863, the Michigan Cavalry Brigade moved to intercept the retreating Army of Northern Virginia by attacking the miles-long wagon train of the Second Corps, and its cavalry escort at this location. The opposing troops collided in hand-to-hand combat in the narrow pass. The 5th Michigan Cavalry, led by Colonel Russell A. Alger, future Secretary of War and Michigan Governor, charged up the eastern slope and across Red Run Creek Bridge. Although “nothing was discernible a half dozen paces ahead,” Union forces triumphed. By 3:00 A.M. they had taken many supplies and captured thirteen hundred Confederate prisoners.

Michigan Historical Commission-Michigan Historical Center, Registered State site No. 728. 2012.This marker is the property of the State of Michigan.*

Michigan Cavalry Brigade. The Michigan Cavalry Brigade was formed in December 1862 of the 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry regiments with General Joseph T. Copeland commanding. In June 1863 the addition of the 1st Michigan Cavalry and Battery M, 2nd U.S. Artillery, completed the brigade. On the eve of the Battle of Gettysburg, George A. Custer of Monroe assumed command with his promotion to brigadier general. On July 3, 1863, the brigade helped repulse General J.E.B. Stuart’s Confederate cavalry. It fought in every major campaign of the Army of the Potomac until the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox Court House in April 1865. Nine brigade members received Medals of Honor for heroism during the Civil War.

* This is one of only eight Michigan historical markers that are not in Michigan. I saw another on top of South Mountain, near the Reno monument. 2/8

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=192353

The 3-Inch Ordnance Rifle was one of the most common American Civil War artillery field pieces. It was used by both, the Union and the Confederate armies. It was designed by John Griffen, the superintendent of the Safe Harbor Iron Works in Pennsylvania.

During the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union army had 146 3-Inch rifles on the field, while the Confederate army had 73.

During the Battle of Monterey Pass, Union Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick had 16 3-Inch Ordnance Rifles that were assigned to his cavalry division.

3-Inch Rifle:

• Fires a 10 lb. solid shot (bolt)

• 1 lb. powder charge

• Range: About 2,000 yards

• Tube is made of iron

• Tube weighs about 800 pounds

The Battle of Monterey Pass

The Initial Breakthrough

General Kilpatrick, quartered at the Monterey Inn, ordered artillery to support Custer’s troopers. Near the present-day golf course, Captain Alexander Pennington deployed two rifled cannon and began to shell the Confederate battle line with case shot.

The 5th Michigan Cavalry, commanded by Colonel Russell Alger, arrived here where they were ordered to dismount and get onto the ground. It wasn’t long until Colonel Alger realized that the wooden bridge was still intact. The bridge was in a very exposed place and it wasn’t long until they came under heavy fire. Another courier was sent back to the Monterey Inn asking for additional troops for the breakthrough. General Kilpatrick ordered the 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company A, and the 1st West Virginia Cavalry to support the Wolverines.

Colonel Alger and several of his command charged over the bridge, and filed off to the left. There, they formed a hasty battle line. Portions of the 6th Michigan Cavalry also charged over the bridge in support of the new position. This allowed the 1st West Virginia Cavalry to charge and break through the Confederate battle line, with the 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company A in support.

“Arriving at the bridge, I dismounted and found that the 6th Michigan, firing across at the enemy, while in the middle of the road and to the left of it, and the bridge was unoccupied. It was a very exposed place. The night was very dark, and in order to take in the situation I ordered my men to lie down. After being under fire for a few minutes, I became satisfied that the planking of the bridge had not been torn up and I decided to charge across it. It was not a long one, but it spanned, I think, a very deep gorge judging by the sound of the water, which was very high and running beneath it.”

Colonel Russell Alger, 5th Michigan Cavalry

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=135061

The Battle of Monterey Pass

Confederate Reinforcements Arrive

The Confederate defenders of Captain George Emack’s company of the First Maryland Cavalry, supported by Captain Tanner’s artillery detachment, were deployed in this area. As the battle continued past midnight, reinforcements began to arrive. The 4th North Carolina Cavalry deployed near the tollgate, while other companies of the 1st Maryland Cavalry were en route from Waterloo (Rouzerville area).

Around 3:30 A.M., as the Union cavalry broke through the Confederate battle line, the Confederate provost guard ordered the remaining wagons coming from Fairfield Gap to halt, sparing them from capture. In addition, the 1st North Carolina Sharpshooters were deployed along the Maria Furnace Road. Supported by the 6th Virginia Cavalry, the sharpshooters began to advance on the Union position. Amidst the confusion, the 6th Virginia Cavalry retreated and refused to come up to Monterey Pass until daylight.

General Alfred Iverson’s North Carolina Brigade arrived at dawn, capturing several Union prisoners. General Kilpatrick deployed his remaining force down the mountainside into Maryland, leaving Monterey Pass in Confederate hands.

“I could not tell what was before me in the dense darkness, whether friend or foe… Every other sound was drowned out by a roaring waterfall on my right; then emerging from its noise, I was carried at a fearful rate close by dismounted men who were firing from behind trees along the roadside , the flashes of their guns whose speedy gleams the darkness followed.”

C.S. Cannoneer Edward Moore, Rockbridge Artillery

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=135060

The Battle of Monterey Pass

A Wild and Desolate Scene

The 1st West Virginia Cavalry arrived and were ordered to charge the Confederate cannon on this side of the bridge. Seeing the West Virginians in their front, Confederate Captain William Tanner ordered the cannon to fire its last two shots before the gun was captured. Immediately thereafter, the West Virginians, supported by portions of Custer’s brigade, began storming through the long line of wagons. In some instances, they were ordered to shoot the lead horses of the wagon train, putting a halt to their escape, while collecting their bounty and setting many Confederate wagons on fire.

As the Union cavalry descended South Mountain, area citizens witnessed a Fourth of July like no other. They saw the fires from the wagons extending from Monterey Pass down South Mountain and continuing into Maryland, when the battle finally ended at Ringgold just after dawn. They were also able to see the fires extending from Leitersburg to Ringgold, as the 1st Vermont Cavalry cut its own path of destructions through the wagons that were at the head of the column, moving towards Williamsport, Maryland.

“Then we turn out attention to the foremost end of the train, all the while making more noise that a “pack of wild Indians.” We find it a hot place, as we have it hand-to-hand. Sabers and revolvers are used rather freely. We soon begin to take in prisoners. The road on which we were charging was a good turnpike and downgrade. I, being mounted on a good horse and being so enthused that when I got fairly underway I could not realize whether I was riding or flying. I knew I was going through the air at a terrible rate. Thus we went until we reached the foot of the mountain.”

Private Joseph A, Lesage, 1st West Virginia Cavalry

“As the advance came up to the train, they received a heavy volley of musketry, which at once showed the exact position of the enemy. Onward they dashed, and a hand-to-hand combat ensued. The scene was wild and desolating. The road lay down a mountain side, wild and rugged. On either side of the road was a heavy growth of underbrush, which the enemy had taken as a fit place to conceal themselves and fire upon us.”

Major Charles Capehart, 1st West Virginia Cavalry

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=192437

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=192351

South Mountain

The Story of Richard Bard

Before the French and Indian War in 1754, lands west of South Mountain was considered a wilderness. With the outbreak of war, several settlements in this area were raided by the Indians.

In 1756, two Indian raids occurred, with one man taken from South Mountain, and another man taken from near Antietam Creek, just west of here. In 1758, another raid near Cashtown occurred, resulting in the capture of Mary Jemison and her family.

On April 31, 1758, two miles east of Monterey Pass at Virginia Mills, the Delaware Indians attacked the home of Richard Bard. During the raid, the Indians set fire to the mill, and killed Thomas Potter and one of Bard's children. After the raid, the Indians and nine prisoners moved into South Mountain, where the prisoners, were escorted to Mont Alto Gap, then to Black Gap, and into Path Valley. Near Bedford, Richard was able to flee and return home.

In 1760, Bard was able to free his wife, Catherine by buying her back. They returned home to Franklin County.

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=202067

The Retreat From Gettysburg

Longstreet's Corps

On July 5, Confederate General James Longstreet’s Corps marched from Fairfield, along the Jack’s Mountain Road to Fountaindale. From there, Longstreet’s Corps marched to Monterey Pass, along the Emmitsburg and Waynesboro Turnpike. General John B. Hood’s Division led the advance, followed by General George Pickett’s Division, and bringing up the rear was General Lafayette McLaws. They encamped along the Emmitsburg and Waynesboro Turnpike, with McLaws' Division at the eastern base, and Hood’s Division at the western portion of the summit. Pickett’s Division encamped on the grounds of the Monterey Inn. The next day, Pickett was ordered to march with Hill’s Corps.

On July 6, Longstreet’s Corps took the lead of the army, with McLaws’ Division in front and Hood’s Division following behind. They encamped near Leitersburg, MD that night.

On July 14, Longstreet’s Corps crossed the Potomac River at Falling Waters, MD.

Here's the whole story summarized again with additional details. I'm not copying the same Order of Battle or Walking Tour again, but I sure want to hike it.

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=202063

The Battle of Monterey Pass

July 4th & 5th, 1863

During the morning hours of July 4, 1863, confederate Major General Robert E. Lee ordered the withdrawal of his Confederate army from Gettysburg. General William Jones volunteered for the task of escorting General Richard Ewell's wagon train as it traveled through the South Mountain pass of Monterey to Williamsport, Maryland. General Ewell's wagon train rumbled out of Fairfield taking a portion of Iron Springs Road and Gum Springs Road. They then traveled through Fairfield Gap, by way of Maria Furnace Road, to Monterey Pass, down the mountain to Waynesboro, and then to Leitersburg. Soon heavy rains set in, turning mountain roads into a muddy mess, and mountain streams and creeks into raging rivers.

Picketing the mountain summit was a portion of the 1st Maryland Cavalry, Company B, under Captain George Emack. Supporting him was Confederate Captain William Tanner, with one Napoleon cannon deployed near the Clermont House.

Seven miles east at Emmitsburg, Maryland, Union General Judson Kilpatrick's cavalry division was reinforced by Colonel Pennock Huey's brigade. They headed westward toward South Mountain to intercept the Confederate wagon train. At Jack's Mountain Road, a portion of the 5th Michigan Cavalry was detailed to scout the Confederate movements in the direction of Fairfield.

Toward evening, Charles H. Buhrman, a local farmer, learned of the Confederate retreat at Monterey Pass, as well as the capture of several citizens. He mounted his horse and rode toward Fountaindale, where he came across one of General George Custer's scouts and reported the situation on the mountaintop. It was about 9:00 pm, when the Union cavalrymen were blinded by the muzzle blast from Tanner's cannon near the Clermont House. The first shot was fired directly into the 5th Michigan Cavalry, causing much confusion. Two more shots were again fired by Tanner's detachment, and Emack's small squad charged and drove the Union cavalry back.

For the next several hours, in darkness and torrential rain, the opposing forces engaged in some of the most confusing and chaotic fighting of the Civil War. In some instances, the cannon or lightning in the sky illuminated their positions.

Captains Tanner and Emack redeployed their force near the Monterey House on both sides of the turnpike. Kilpatrick then ordered the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry to dismount and attack Emack's company. The Confederates fell back to Red Run Creek and deployed there, where other companies of the 1st Maryland Cavalry had arrived to support them.

Gaining the summit studying the network of roads, Kilpatrick ordered the 1st Vermont Cavalry to Leitersburg, Maryland to attack the Confederate wagons as they entered Maryland. He also ordered a portion of the 1st Michigan Cavalry to attack Fairfield Gap, one mile northeast of Monterey Pass, where the wagons were coming in from Farfield. It was here that the Michigan soldiers were forced back by Confederate cavalry and artillery position there.

Near the Monterey House, Brevet Captain Pennington deployed a section of artillery and shelled the Confederate battle line that was positioned near modern day Monterey Park. Throughout the early morning hours of July 5th, during the thickest of the fight, General Jones ordered his couriers, staff officers and some of the wounded that could fire a gun into the fight.

By 3:00 am, fighting raged in the woods as Custer's cavalrymen fought hard against the Confederates. A portion of the 5th Michigan managed to cross the bridge spanning over Red Run and filed off to the left. The 1st West Virginia Cavalry and a portion of the 1st Ohio Cavalry were ordered to support Custer's Brigade. The West Virginians charged the Confederate cannon, tumbling it down the embankment, and began destroying wagons as they charged down the mountainside, storming through the long line of wagons, "like a pack of wild Indians" overturning many wagons and setting fires to others. In some instances, panic stricken horses with nowhere to go fell off the mountain cliffs and into the steep ravines. The Union cavalry collected their bounty until dawn. The civilians living in Waynesboro observed the fires from the wagons extending from the top of South Mountain, stretching across the Cumberland Valley from Waterloo (Rouzeville) to Ringgold and Leitersburg, as more than nine miles of wagon train were set ablaze.

The Sharpshooters of the 1st North Carolina Battalion supported by the 6th Virginia Cavalry arrived in time to halt the wagons approaching from Fairfield Gap. The 6th Virginia cavalry fled due to the condition of the fight. Two guns from Pennington's Battery poured case shot into their ranks from their second position near the Toll House. Luckily, the sharpshooters sustained no casualties. General Alfred Iverson's North Carolina Brigade arrived at dawn, forcing General Kilpatrick to give up the fight. Just after the daybreak, Confederate General Ambrose Wright's Brigade arrived from Fairfield, missing out on the fight at Monterey Pass.

The 1st Vermont Cavalry destroyed several wagons and took many prisoners when the regiment attacked the Confederate wagon train in Leitersburg. There, half the regiment moved onward toward Hagerstown, while the other half moved onward to Ringgold, Maryland. Once Kilpatrick was at Ringgold (Ridgeville), Maryland he ordered his cavalry to halt, officially ending the Battle of Monterey Pass. The battle resulted in over 100 Confederate casualties, and over 100 Union casualties.

Realizing he was in dangerous territory, Kilpatrick ordered his cavalry to move south to Smithsburg, where later in the day he was attacked by General JEB Stuart's Cavalry crossing South Mountain at Raven Rock Pass.

After the battle, the Confederate infantry marched through Monterey Pass. General A.P. Hill's Corps marched upon the Maria Furnace Road from Fairfield, where many soldiers dubbed the area as "Mount Misery" or a complete "Quagmire." General James Longstreet's Corps matched westward reaching Monterey's Pass. General Richard Ewell's Corps was the last to march from Fairfield to Maria Furnace Road. The rear of his corps, General Jubal Early's Division, skirmished with portions of Union General Tomas Neill's infantry brigade and Colonel John McIntosh's cavalry brigade.

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=134763

10,000 Soldiers Fight at Monterey Pass

During a fierce thunderstorm on the evening of July 4, 1863, a nine-mile-long wagon train of supplies, livestock and wounded soldiers made its way from Fairfield through Monterey Pass. This was the advance of the Confederate retreat column from Gettysburg. That same night Union Cavalry met a local 12-year-old girl, Hetty Zeilinger, walking on the road to her home near Monterey Pass. Hetty warned them that Confederates with artillery were blocking the pass. The brave girl offered to guide the troopers through the pass, around the Confederate forces. One of the soldiers lifted her into his saddle. On they rode, leading a column of Union Cavalry through the darkness and rain, seeking to harass the Confederate's rear and flanks as they withdrew back toward the Potomac.

Approximately 10,000 soldiers fought around Monterey Pass. The battle lasted more than six hours, as they struggled in some of the most bewildering combat of the war. In the lightning, gunfire, and confusion, many of the terrified teams of horses and mules bolted down the side of the mountain, crushing the occupants of the wagons. More than 1,500 Confederates were taken prisoner. Next to Gettysburg, Monterey was the largest Civil War action fought in Pennsylvania.

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=192436

When it came to artillery in the Civil War, the 12-Pounder Napoleon was the the workhorse of both Union and Confederate armies. It was designed by the French Emperor Napoleon III, Prince Charles Louise Napoleon Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon I. It was accurate at all ranges and devastating at close range with canister.

At Gettysburg, both armies had a combined total of 142 12-Pounder Napoleon cannon on the field. During the Battle of Monterey Pass, most of the artillery used by the Confederate army was the 12-Pounder Napoleon.

Model 1857 Light 12 lb. Gun Howitzer (Napoleon):

· Fires a 12 lb. solid shot

· 2.5 lb. powder charge

· Range: About 1,600 yards

· Tube is made of bronze or iron

· Tube weighs about 1,600 pounds

Again, great park and interesting battle. Can't wait to hike up to the Pass next time. It only gets a few links devoted exclusively to this site:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight_at_Monterey_Pass

https://montereypassbattlefield.org/

***********************************************

July 4, 1863

Union General John F. Reynolds interred in Lancaster Cemetery

This might be the house where Reynolds got packed in ice!

"Union Gen. John F. Reynolds was killed at Gettysburg on July 1, 1863 while directing his command along the Chambersburg Turnpike in the early fighting. His body was carried to a house in town. Orderlies searched for a coffin but found only a too short marble-cutters box. One end was knocked out and the body laid in, and an ambulance carried it to Union Bridge, where the Western Maryland Railroad shops were established in 1862. At undertaker John Forney’s shop at 15 West Broadway, John Hollenberger, a pattern maker for the railroad, built a coffin. The remains were packed in ice and placed aboard a train bound through Westminster to Baltimore, then routed to Philadelphia and finally Lancaster, Reynolds' home town.

At Westminster, the main supply depot for the Union army at Gettysburg, the car carrying Reynolds’ body stalled in the heavy military traffic. Gen. Herman Haupt, a fellow Pennsylvanian and chief of U. S. military railroads, arranged for the car to pass through to Baltimore unimpeded. Reynolds was interred in Lancaster Cemetery on July 4.

After the battle, thousands of wounded soldiers followed Reynolds’ route through Union Bridge to Baltimore on the Western Maryland Railroad. Railroad timetables to this day still identify the tracks just southeast of the station as the “Hospital Tracks” of July 1863.

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=201605

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=3018

Yes, this events gets a whole page. Why else would I drive to Union Bridge, MD? (There's a huge cement factory there and the air is hard to breathe; would not recommend.) Perhaps to see the home of a famous sculptor? Here's some non-CW bonus historical material.